3.1 Arctic Palaeoclimate and Palaeo-Environments

• changes in Arctic Hydrography
• extreme climates - Learning from the past to explain the future
• abrupt climatic events
• past ocean-atmosphere circulation dynamics
• sensitivity of the climate system
• Palaeo-Ecosystems: biodiversity and biogeography
• rates and amplitudes of Northern Hemisphere ice sheets and sea level change
• bipolarity of climate change
• transition between Greenhouse and Icehouse World

3.2 Palaeoclimate and Palaeo-Environments in Antarctica

• sensitivity of past ice sheets to natural forcing, rates and amplitudes sea level change
• modes and sensitivity of past climate related to ocean and atmosphere interaction
• abrupt climatic events in Antarctica
• pre-anthropogenic climatic variability during past warm climate intervals
• Palaeo-ecosystems: biodiversity and biogeography
• bipolarity of climate change
• transition between Greenhouse and Icehouse World

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